Assessment of chemical elements in soil, grapes and wine from two representative vineyards in Romania

Abstract

Inorganic compounds from soil, grapes and wine have been measured in two Romanian vineyards (Ștefănești and Pietroasele vineyards). The analyses were carried out on macro- and microelements (Ca, K, Mg, As, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, As, Se). In addition, the physical properties of the soil and the mineralogical content have been studied. The dominant elements in the soils, exceeding maximum limits allowed, are Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and As. Calcium registered high values especially at Pietroasele vineyard, while magnesium and potassium at Ștefănești vineyard. The enrichment factor is high for Cd (1 2.95) and for As and Cu (> 6). Based on the geoaccumulation index, the analyzed soil is considered uncontaminated to moderately contaminated for most of the elements. The concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Zn are higher in the white grapes than in the black grapes. Higher values of Zn, Pb and Fe have been identified in the red wine (Cabernet Sauvignon) than in the white wine (Riesling). The mobility ratio values are low for most of the analyzed elements except for K and Zn. The sources of the analyzed inorganic compounds are both natural and anthropogenic.