Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1712
Title: Evaluation of sub-Lethal toxicity of benzethonium chloride in Cyprinus carpio liver
Authors: Gheorghe, Stefania 
Mitroi, Daniel 
Stan, Miruna 
Staicu, Cristina 
Cicirma, Marius 
Lucaciu, Irina 
Nita-Lazar, Mihai 
Dinischiotu, Anca 
Affiliations: National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, ECOIND 
University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA 
University of Bucharest, Romania 
University of Bucharest, Romania 
University of Bucharest, Romania 
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, ECOIND 
National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, ECOIND 
University of Bucharest, Romania 
Keywords: Benzethonium chloride;Cationic surfactants;Cyprinus carpio;Oxidative stress;Antioxidant enzymes
Issue Date: Nov-2020
Publisher: MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Abstract: 
Benzenthonium chloride (BEC, Hyamine 1622) is a quaternary ammonium surfactant with cationic properties widely used in cleaning, sanitation, and medical products that can become harmful to humans and also to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate its acute effects on Cyprinus carpio fish in terms of oxidative stress and morphological changes on hepatic tissue in order to show the sub-lethal toxicity of BEC. Fish were exposed to 1 mg/L BEC for 24, 48, and 96 h, and the liver samples were collected. The most significant changes were noticed after 96 h of exposure when the entire antioxidant enzyme system was affected. The activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase decreased by 44%, 31%, 30%, and 45%, respectively, compared to control. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased by 29% after 96 h of control, inducing a reduction of NADPH formation which decreased by half the
level of reduced glutathione, the main non-enzymatic antioxidant. These effects correlated with the raised value of lipid peroxidation after 96 h and the morphology changes on hepatic tissue, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear hypertrophy that could affect the normal function of the liver. All of these results showed acute toxicity of BEC on C. Carpio after 96 h of exposure, causing oxidative stress response at the hepatic level.
Description: 
Applied Sciences, 2020, 10, 8485; doi:10.3390/app10238485.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1712
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