Antibiotics implications on the outbreak nosocomial infections

Abstract

Nosocomial infections are those acquired in or associated with hospitals. They are also known as hospital-acquired or healthcare-associated infectious. The patients are exposed to a variety of microorganisms during hospitalization. Contact between the patient and microorganism does not by itself necessarily result in the development of clinical disease; other factors influence the nature and frequency of nosocomial infectious: patient susceptibility, environmental conditions, bacterial resistance. Many patients receive antimicrobial drugs. Through selection and exchange of genetic resistance elements antibiotics promote the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. These kinds of strains are spread in the hospital environment, from surfaces and water dispensers to the wastewater from treatment plant. The bacteriological characteristics of water used in health care institutions must meet local regulations, a special case being purified water. Bacteriological tests may not always give true estimates of contaminations because of the presence of disinfectants or antibiotic resistant microorganisms. The aim of this paper was to control environmental risks for infection and to highlight the role of antibiotic resistant bacteria from the environmental conditions of hospital in the outbreak nosocomial infections. In early 2016, it was started monitoring water quality in an emergency hospital, following an agreement of collaboration. There were detected many bacterial strains potential implicated in nosocomial infections: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis. Most of them were coliform bacteria with resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially β-lactams. Even if the results have considerably increased monitoring measures for disinfection and sterilization used in the prevention program in the hospital, aims to complement the surveillance program tests Sanitation.