Plamadeala, VasileVasilePlamadealaSiuris, AndreiAndreiSiurisRusu, AlexandruAlexandruRusuBulat, LudmilaLudmilaBulat2017-03-122017-03-122015L : 1843-5831(on-line): 2457-837110.21698/simi.2015.0002http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/257International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry", SIMI 2015In the processing of grapes and the production of alcoholic beverages, a total of about 100,000 cubic meters of wine lees, vinasse, grain mash and molasses are annually formed and accumulated in the Republic of Moldova. These wastes are characterized by a highly acidic chemical reaction and a high content of water-soluble salts. The pH ranges from 3.4 to 3.8 units. The mineral residue constitutes: 1.9 g/dm3 in vinasse12.0 g/dm3 in wine leesand 14.9 g/dm3 in grain mash. In the composition of monovalent cations, sodium and potassium cations predominate, which may form toxic salts if they penetrate into the soil. The cereal mashes are characterized by a higher potential of salinity and sodium enrichment. Also, these wastes contain primary nutritive elements (NPK) absolutely necessary for plant nutrition and soil fertilization. The total content of NPK in kg/m3 in these wastes constitutes: 1.8 in vinasse5.1 in grain mash10.6 in wine lees. The dehydrated wine lees and grain mash have a high content of organic matter, 34 % and 51 % respectively. Due to their chemical composition and the highly acidic environment, they have a toxic impact on flora and fauna and a polluting action on surface and ground waters. The administration of two doses of lees (13 and 26 t/ha), of vinasse (300 and 600 m3/ha) and of grain mash (50 and 100 m3/ha) favoured the significant increase of the content of organic matter, mobile phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium in the arable soil layer. The application of wine lees in the dosage of 13 - 26 t/ha ensured a significant increase of grapes by 1.4 – 2.4 t/ha, or by 15 – 25 % more than on the unfertilized control variant, on which 9.5 t/ha were harvested. The vinasse incorporated in a dosage of 300 and 600 m3/ha had a significant impact on the plant productivity as well. The grape harvest constituted an average of 1.0 – 1.1 t/ha or by 11 – 12 % more than on the unfertilized control variant.Wine yeastVinasseGrain mashSoil HumusMobile phosphorusWasteSymposium Proceedings