Geospatial assessment of noise pollution status and public policy implementation in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Noise pollution is now a major environmental and public health concern in rapidly urbanizing areas of Bangladesh, especially Chattogram. This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of environmental noise pollution in Kotwali Thana. It also assessed the enforcement of noise control policies using GIS-based spatial analysis, field noise measurement, a questionnaire survey, and key informant interviews. Researchers measured noise in the morning and evening at 26 representative sites across quiet, residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Almost all locations had noise levels above the permitted values set by the Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Rules and the World Health Organization. Commercial and industrial zones had the highest noise, ranging from 92÷100 dB(A). Silent zones near hospitals and educational institutions showed alarming noise levels of 67÷83.5 dB(A), higher than the recommended limit of 45 dB(A). Many residential areas also had noise above 80 dB(A), indicating significant urban noise exposure. Traffic and commercial zones were identified as noise hotspots through GIS-based heat maps. The study found increased concerns about sleep disturbance, stress, and reduced well-being due to long-term noise exposure. It also noted poor enforcement of noise regulations. The study suggests that Chattogram needs sustainable noise management strategies for ongoing monitoring and better enforcement of existing laws and policies.